Thus, many artists have requested a novel system for convenient, fast and low-cost differential diagnosis. Each of these typical analysis methods can measure only one characteristic such as outline, depth information or dating of painting pigments. The limitations are widely known, and alternative techniques may be required to compensate for these limitations. Connoisseurs, who take subjective views of works, play a significant role in evaluating the authenticity of works of art, but such evaluations could induce problems due to a lack of ethics and expertise. This analysis method can be applied to paintings created since the late 1950s because the testing of nuclear weapons raised 14C concentrations. The carbon isotope dating method can be used to estimate the production year, but this method has a wide error range-approximately 50 years. However, paintings are necessarily damaged during sampling, and data can be obtained from only a very small area because of the chamber size and the need to minimize damage. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example, can be used to analyze features such as painted layers and pigments. In addition, these methods are often costly, time-consuming, complex and somewhat inaccurate. However, most conventional techniques have invasive and destructive data collection methods. There are many techniques to authenticate works of art. Determining the authenticity of works could be necessary to preserve genuine works and prevent them from being switched with forgeries. In particular, the authenticity of famous works has been called into question all over the world. This cultural trend has made it much more important to determine whether a work of art is genuine. The skilled forgers have made numerous forgeries that are nearly identical to the well-known works from which they were copied. Thus, the number of forgeries has increased, and the techniques used in the creation of forgeries have also rapidly improved. As interest and demand for the works of famous artists have increased, many people have unknowingly or sometimes willingly purchased forgeries. The art market has enjoyed a commercial boom in recent years, and the number of art collectors has sharply increased. A famous work of art titled When Will You Marry?, created by Paul Gauguin in 1892, was recently sold at auction for $300 million, the highest price ever paid for a painting as of February 2015. For example, Pablo Picasso’s painting Les Femmes d'Alger (“Women of Algiers”) was purchased for $179.3 million in 2015. Works created by famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Paul Cezanne have been sold at auction at high prices. Works of art are important subjects of commercial investment owing to the increasing value of art over the years. Consequently, we secured the databases of three different famous Korean paintings for accurate authenticity. To store the surface information of the paintings in micron scale, we created a numerical database. We could verify that the measurement system is worthwhile for the conservation of the valuable paintings. Through the several executions, the reliability of the system was confirmed. The forgeries could be distinguished maximally 76.5% with obtained RGB spectra by FORS and 100% by topographic analysis. After measuring surface properties of paintings, we could observe the results from the genuine works and the forgeries have the distinctive characteristics. Some forgeries were created by the experts from the three different styles of genuine paintings for the experiments. For additional assessments, a line laser-based high resolved OCT was utilized. The system is designed to fully cover the whole area of paintings regardless of its size for the accurate analysis. In this paper, we suggest a simple and accurate optical analysis system to protect them from counterfeit which is comprised of fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and line laser-based topographic analysis. Many techniques have been attempted to analyze properties of paintings, including X-ray analysis and optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods, and enable conservation of paintings from forgeries. Paintings have high cultural and commercial value, so that needs to be preserved.
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